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1.
Rev. chil. fonoaudiol. (En línea) ; 22(1): 1-19, 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451269

ABSTRACT

El proceso deglutorio requiere de una adecuada coordinación entre respiración y deglución. En el contexto clínico, el uso de dispositivos ventilatorios no invasivos, como la cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) o la ventilación no invasiva (VNI), ha cobrado gran relevancia durante los últimos años. Sin embargo, existe escasa información respecto a la interferencia que estos dispositivos podrían ocasionar en la fisiología deglutoria. En este contexto, y con el objetivo de describir el impacto de la CNAF y la VNI en la fisiología deglutoria, se realizó una revisión de la literatura en PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs y Scielo. Se incorporaron estudios que incluyeran población ≥18 años, con uso de CNAF o VNI. Se excluyeron estudios en población con antecedentes de disfagia, necesidad de intubación, presencia de enfermedad neurológica, neuromuscular o respiratoria, entre otros. Los resultados de los estudios muestran que la CNAF podría disminuir el número de degluciones (en flujos ≥ 20 L/min; p<0,05),disminuir el tiempo medio de activación de la respuesta deglutoria proporcional al flujo empleado (p<0,05), incrementar el riesgo aspirativo en flujos altos (>40 L/min, p<0,05) e incrementar en promedio la duración del cierre del vestíbulo laríngeo (p<0,001). La VNI modo BiPAP, por su parte, podría aumentar el riesgo aspirativo debido al incremento en la tasa de inspiración post deglución (SW-I, p<0,01). Si bien la evidencia disponible es limitada, los resultados aportan información relevante a considerar en el abordaje de usuarios que utilicen estos dispositivos ventilatorios. Futuras investigaciones deberían ser desarrolladas para fortalecer la evidencia presentada.


Deglutition requires adequatecoordination between breathing and swallowing. In the clinical context, the use of non-invasive ventilatory devices such as high-flow nasal cannulas(HFNC) or non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has become highlyrelevantin recent years. However, there is little information regarding howthese devices could interferewith the physiologyof deglutition. This study aimedto describe the impact of HFNC and NIV on swallowing physiology. To this end, aliterature review was carried out usingPubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs,and Scielo. Studies performed onpopulations≥18 years old where HFNC or NIV were used were included. Studies where thepopulation hada history of dysphagia, need for intubation, and presentedneurological, neuromuscular,or respiratory diseases, among others, were excluded. The results show that HFNC could decrease the swallowing rate(with flows≥ 20 L/min; p<.05), decrease the mean activation time of the swallowing reflex in proportion to the flow (p<.05), increase the risk of aspiration when usinghigherflows (>40 L/min, p<0.05),and increase the average duration of the laryngeal vestibuleclosure(p<.001).NIV, particularly BiPAP, could increase the risk of aspiration due to the higherrate of post-swallowing inspiration (SW-I, p<.01). Although the evidence available on this matter is limited, theseresults offerrelevant information that should beconsideredwhen working with patients who use these ventilatory devices. Furtherresearch should be carriedoutto strengthen the evidence that is provided in this study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Deglutition/physiology , Noninvasive Ventilation/adverse effects , Cannula , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/adverse effects , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/adverse effects
2.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1026345

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A ventilação não invasiva (VNI) apresenta benefícios comprovados em diversas condições clínicas, entretanto, os resultados em pacientes com câncer são controversos. Objetivos: Analisar os fatores preditores para falha da VNI em pacientes oncológicos; descrever a mortalidade hospitalar e a sobrevida global após internação. Método: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva incluindo pacientes com tumores sólidos e neoplasias hematológicas, admitidos para internação hospitalar no Hospital do Câncer I do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (HC I/INCA), entre 1º de janeiro e 31 de dezembro de 2017, e que foram submetidos à VNI. A associação entre as variáveis de exposição (variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas) e os desfechos (falha na VNI) foi realizada pela regressão logística bruta e ajustada. Foi utilizado o método de Kaplan-Meier para análise da sobrevida global. Resultados: Foram incluídos 66 pacientes com média de idade de 62,3 anos (±15,0). O tempo médio de VNI na primeira sessão foi de 49,8 minutos (±30,9); o número médio de sessões foi de 2,1 (±1,4). Os pacientes que apresentaram falha tiveram maior tempo de internação hospitalar (11,8 dias vs 6,0 dias) e maior mortalidade hospitalar (90,9 vs 43,6%). Os pacientes com infecção pulmonar tiveram um risco de 4,71 vezes maior de falharem na VNI, em relação àqueles pacientes que apresentaram sucesso (OR 4,71; IC 95%, 1,14-19,47; p=0,032). Conclusão: Pacientes que apresentaram infecção pulmonar tiveram maior probabilidade em falha na VNI. Foi observada pior sobrevida global entre aqueles pacientes que falharam na VNI.


Introduction: The non-invasive ventilation (NIV) presents confirmed benefits in various clinical conditions, however, the results in patients with cancer are controversial. Objectives: To analyze the predicting factors for failure of the NIV in cancer patients; To describe hospital mortality and overall survival after admission. Method: Study of retrospective cohort including patients with solid tumors and hematological neoplasm who have been admitted to the hospital stay at Hospital of Cancer I of the National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva (HCI/INCA) between Jan 1 st and Dec 31 2017 and were submitted to NIV. The association between the exposure (clinical and socio-demographic variables) and the outcome (NIV failure) was performed by gross and adjusted logistic regression. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival. Results:Sixty-six patients with mean age of 62.3 years (± 15.0 years) were included. The average lasting time of the first session was 49.8 min (±30.9), the average number of sessions was 2.1 (±1.4). The patients who showed failure had longer time hospital stay (11.8 days vs 6.0 days) and higher hospital mortality (90.9 vs 43.6%).The patients with lung infection showed a higher risk of 4.71 times of failure in NIV related to those patients who showed succeeding (OR 4.71; IC 95%, 1.14-19.47; p=0.032). Conclusion: Patients who showed lung infection were more likely to failure in NIV. Was observed a worst overall survival between those patients who failed in NIV.


Introducción: La ventilación no invasiva (VNI) muestra beneficios comprobados en diversos cuadros clínicos, sin embargo, hay controversia en los resultados presentados en pacientes con cáncer. Objetivos: Analizar los factores predictores para falla de la VNI en pacientes oncológicos; Describir la mortalidad hospitalaria y sobrevida global después de la internación. Método: Estudio de corte retrospectivo incluyendo pacientes con tumores sólidos y neoplastias hematológicas, admitidos para internación hospitalar en el Hospital de Cáncer I del Instituto Nacional de Cáncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (HCI/INCA) entre el 1ro de enero y 31 de diciembre de 2017 y que fueron sometidos a la VNI. La asociación entre las variables de exposición (variables clínicas y socio demográficas) y los resultados (falla en la VNI) fue realizada por regresión logística bruta y ajustada. Fue utilizado el método de Kaplan-Meier para el análisis de sobrevida global. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 66 pacientes con un promedio de edad de 62,3 años (±15,0). El tiempo promedio de VNI em primera sesión fue de 49,8 minutos (±30,9). El número promedio de sesiones fue de 2,1 (±1,4). Los pacientes que presentaron falla tuvieron mayor tiempo de internación hospitalaria (11,8 días vs 6,0 días) y mayor mortalidad hospitalaria (90,9 vs 43,6%). Los pacientes con infección pulmonar presentaron un riesgo 4,71 veces mayor de fallar en VNI en relación a aquellos pacientes que presentaron suceso (OR 4,71; IC 95%, 1,14-19,47; p=0,032). Conclusión: Pacientes que presentaron infección pulmonar tuvieron mayor probabilidad en fallar en la VNI. Se observó peor sobrevida global entre aquellos pacientes que fallaron en la VNI.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Survival Analysis , Noninvasive Ventilation/adverse effects , Neoplasms/rehabilitation , Prognosis , Respiratory Insufficiency , Retrospective Studies , Neoplasms/epidemiology
3.
J. bras. pneumol ; 43(2): 87-94, Mar.-Apr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841280

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the incidence and intensity of acute adverse effects and the variation in the temperature of facial skin by thermography after the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Methods: We included 20 healthy volunteers receiving NIV via oronasal mask for 1 h. The volunteers were randomly divided into two groups according to the ventilatory mode: bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Facial thermography was performed in order to determine the temperature of the face where it was in contact with the mask and of the nasal dorsum at various time points. After removal of the mask, the volunteers completed a questionnaire about adverse effects of NIV. Results: The incidence and intensity of acute adverse effects were higher in the individuals receiving BiPAP than in those receiving CPAP (16.1% vs. 5.6%). Thermographic analysis showed a significant cooling of the facial skin in the two regions of interest immediately after removal of the mask. The more intense acute adverse effects occurred predominantly among the participants in whom the decrease in the mean temperature of the nasal dorsum was lower (14.4% vs. 7.2%). The thermographic visual analysis of the zones of cooling and heating on the face identified areas of hypoperfusion or reactive hyperemia. Conclusions: The use of BiPAP mode was associated with a higher incidence and intensity of NIV-related acute adverse effects. There was an association between acute adverse effects and less cooling of the nasal dorsum immediately after removal of the mask. Cutaneous thermography can be an additional tool to detect adverse effects that the use of NIV has on facial skin.


RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a incidência e a intensidade de efeitos adversos agudos e a variação da temperatura da pele da face através da termografia após a aplicação de ventilação não invasiva (VNI). Métodos: Foram incluídos 20 voluntários sadios, de ambos os gêneros, submetidos à VNI com máscara oronasal por 1 h e divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de acordo com o modo ventilatório: bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ou continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). A termografia da face foi realizada para determinar a temperatura na região de contato da máscara e no dorso do nariz em momentos diferentes. Os voluntários preencheram um questionário de efeitos adversos após a retirada da VNI. Resultados: A incidência e a intensidade dos efeitos adversos agudos foram maiores naqueles submetidos a BiPAP em relação aos submetidos a CPAP (16,1% vs. 5,6%). A análise termográfica evidenciou um esfriamento significativo da pele facial nas duas regiões de estudo imediatamente após a retirada da máscara. Os efeitos adversos agudos em maior intensidade ocorreram predominantemente no grupo de participantes cuja redução da temperatura média no dorso do nariz foi menor (14,4% vs. 7,2%). A análise visual termográfica de zonas de esfriamento e aquecimento na face identificou regiões de hipoperfusão ou hiperemia reativa. Conclusões: O uso do modo BiPAP associou-se a maior incidência e intensidade de efeitos adversos agudos associados à VNI. Houve associação entre efeitos adversos agudos e menor esfriamento da pele do dorso do nariz imediatamente após a retirada da máscara. A termografia cutânea pode ser uma ferramenta adicional na detecção de efeitos adversos na pele da face associados ao uso da VNI.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Body Temperature/physiology , Face , Noninvasive Ventilation/adverse effects , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency/physiopathology , Thermography , Face/blood supply , Prospective Studies , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine ; : 82-88, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-220499

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Post-extubation respiratory failure (PERF) is associated with poor clinica l outcomes. High-f low nasa l cannula (HF NC) ox ygen therapy has been used in patients with respiratory failure, but the clinical benefit in patients with PERF remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of HFNC compared to noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in patients with PERF. METHODS: A historic retrospective cohort analysis was performed in 28 beds in the medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at a single medical center in South Korea. In total, 73 patients with PERF were enrolled: 39 patients who underwent NIV from April 2007 to March 2009 and 34 patients who received HFNC from April 2009 to May 2011. RESULTS: The rate of avoidance of reintubation was not different between the HFNC group (79.4%) and NIV group (66.7%, p = 0.22). All patients with HFNC tolerated the device, whereas five of those with NIV did not tolerate treatment (p = 0.057). The mean duration of ICU stay was significantly shorter in the HFNC group than in the NIV group (13.4 days vs. 20.6 days, p = 0.015). There was no difference in ICU or in-hospital mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: HFNC is likely to be as effective as, and better tolerated than, NIV for treatment of PERF.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Administration, Inhalation , Airway Extubation/adverse effects , Cannula , Hospital Mortality , Intensive Care Units , Noninvasive Ventilation/adverse effects , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/adverse effects , Republic of Korea , Respiratory Insufficiency/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
5.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 22(5): 826-833, Sep-Oct.2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-730637

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to assess the incidence and risk factors associated with nasal septum injury in premature infants using reused and new nasal prongs. METHOD: the study was a cohort from an open therapeutic intervention. The sample included 70 infants with a gestational age inferior to 37 weeks, who used nasal prongs and were hospitalized at the neonatal service of a hospital in Recife-PE, in the Northeast of Brazil. The data were collected in patient files through the assessment of the application of the device and of the nasal septum. Multinomial Logistic Regression and Survival analyses were applied. RESULTS: the incidence of nasal injury corresponded to 62.9%. In the multiple analysis, only the length of the infant's treatment was a determinant factor for the occurrence and severity of the injuries. CONCLUSION: the type of nasal prong does not serve as a risk factor for the nasal injury. The high incidence of nasal injury indicates the need to adapt the nursing care with emphasis on prevention. .


OBJETIVO: avaliar a incidência e os fatores de risco associados à lesão de septo nasal em prematuros utilizando prongas nasais reutilizadas e novas. MÉTODO: o estudo foi de coorte de intervenção terapêutica aberta. A amostra incluiu 70 neonatos com idade gestacional abaixo de 37 semanas, utilizando prongas nasais, internados na unidade neonatal de um hospital do Recife, Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em prontuários, pela avaliação da aplicação do dispositivo e do septo nasal. Foi realizada análise de Regressão Logística Multinomial e de Sobrevida. RESULTADOS: a incidência de lesão nasal foi de 62,9%. Na análise múltipla, apenas o tempo de permanência do neonato na terapêutica foi fator determinante para a ocorrência e severidade das lesões. CONCLUSÃO: o tipo de pronga nasal não constitui fator de risco para a lesão nasal. A alta incidência de lesão nasal indica a necessidade de adequação dos cuidados de enfermagem enfatizando a prevenção. .


OBJETIVO: evaluar la incidencia y los factores de riesgo asociados a la lesión de tabique nasal en prematuros utilizando prongs nasales reutilizadas y novas. MÉTODO: el estudio fue un cohorte de intervención terapéutica abierta. La muestra incluyó 70 neonatos con edad gestacional inferior a 37 semanas, utilizando prongs nasales internados en la unidad neonatal de un hospital de Recife-PE, Nordeste de Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados en archivos, mediante la evaluación de la aplicación del dispositivo y del tabique nasal. Fue aplicado análisis de Regresión Logística Multinomial y de Sobrevida. RESULTADOS: la incidencia de lesión nasal fue 62,9%. En el análisis múltiplo, solamente el tiempo de permanencia del neonato en la terapéutica fue factor determinante para la ocurrencia y severidad de las lesiones. CONCLUSIÓN: el tipo de prong nasal no constituye factor de riesgo para la lesión nasal. La alta incidencia de lesión nasal indica la necesidad de adecuación de los cuidados de enfermería, enfatizando la prevención. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Noninvasive Ventilation/instrumentation , Nasal Septum/injuries , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Infant, Premature , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Noninvasive Ventilation/adverse effects
6.
J. bras. pneumol ; 40(3): 294-303, May-Jun/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-714686

ABSTRACT

Objective: Discomfort and noncompliance with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) interfaces are obstacles to NIV success. Total face masks (TFMs) are considered to be a very comfortable NIV interface. However, due to their large internal volume and consequent increased CO2 rebreathing, their orifices allow proximal leaks to enhance CO2 elimination. The ventilators used in the ICU might not adequately compensate for such leakage. In this study, we attempted to determine whether ICU ventilators in NIV mode are suitable for use with a leaky TFM. Methods: This was a bench study carried out in a university research laboratory. Eight ICU ventilators equipped with NIV mode and one NIV ventilator were connected to a TFM with major leaks. All were tested at two positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels and three pressure support levels. The variables analyzed were ventilation trigger, cycling off, total leak, and pressurization. Results: Of the eight ICU ventilators tested, four did not work (autotriggering or inappropriate turning off due to misdetection of disconnection); three worked with some problems (low PEEP or high cycling delay); and one worked properly. Conclusions: The majority of the ICU ventilators tested were not suitable for NIV with a leaky TFM. .


Objetivo: O desconforto e a falta de adaptação às interfaces de ventilação não invasiva (VNI) são obstáculos ao sucesso da VNI. A máscara facial total (MFT) é uma interface de VNI considerada muito confortável. No entanto, devido a seu grande volume interno e, consequentemente, ao aumento da reinalação de CO2, a MFT tem orifícios que permitem vazamentos proximais para melhorar a eliminação de CO2. É possível que os ventiladores usados na UTI não compensem esse vazamento adequadamente. Neste estudo, buscamos determinar se ventiladores de UTI com módulo de VNI podem ser usados com MFT com grandes vazamentos. Métodos: Estudo em simulador mecânico conduzido em um laboratório universitário de pesquisa. Oito ventiladores de UTI equipados para realizar VNI e um ventilador específico para VNI foram conectados a uma MFT com grandes vazamentos. Todos foram testados com dois níveis de positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP, pressão expiratória final positiva) e três níveis de pressão de suporte. As variáveis analisadas foram disparo do ventilador, ciclagem, vazamento total e pressurização. Resultados: Dos oito ventiladores de UTI, quatro não funcionaram (autodisparo ou desligamento inapropriado por detecção incorreta de desconexão), três funcionaram com alguns problemas (valores baixos de PEEP ou grande atraso na ciclagem do ventilador) e apenas um funcionou adequadamente. Conclusões: A maioria dos ventiladores de UTI testados mostrou-se inadequada para VNI com MFT com grandes vazamentos. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Equipment Failure Analysis/standards , Masks/standards , Noninvasive Ventilation/instrumentation , Ventilators, Mechanical/standards , Computer Simulation , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis/methods , Intensive Care Units , Models, Biological , Masks/adverse effects , Noninvasive Ventilation/adverse effects , Ventilators, Mechanical/adverse effects
7.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 47(6): 1285-1290, 01/dez. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-700098

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à lesão do septo nasal em prematuros sob uso de ventilação não invasiva. Estudo transversal, cujos dados foram coletados entre março e julho de 2012 por meio de busca em prontuários, entrevistas às mães e avaliação nasal de 47 prematuros, na Unidade Neonatal de um Hospital Universitário da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, região nordeste do Brasil. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e bivariada por meio do teste qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher, utilizando o software SPSS. A prevalência de lesão nasal foi de 68,1%, associada ao baixo peso ao nascer e à duração do tratamento. A prevalência de lesão nasal na população estudada é elevada e associa-se ao baixo peso ao nascer e ao tempo de permanência em ventilação não invasiva. Infere-se a necessidade de ações preventivas, como cuidados de Enfermagem contínuos, adequação dos dispositivos e educação permanente em serviço.


Investigar la prevalencia y factores asociados con la lesión del tabique nasal en bebés prematuros en uso de la ventilación no invasiva. Estudio de corte transversal, los datos se obtuvieron de los registros médicos, entrevistas con las madres y 47 de evaluación prematura de nasal entre marzo y julio de 2012, en la unidad neonatal de un hospital universitario de Recife, Pernambuco, Noreste de Brasil. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y bivariado mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado o la prueba exacta de Fisher, utilizando el software SPSS. La prevalencia de lesiones nasales fue 68,1%, bajo peso al nacer y la duración del tratamiento se asoció con una lesión nasal. La prevalencia de lesión nasal en esta población es alta y se asocia con bajo peso al nacer y la duración de la estancia en la ventilación no invasiva. Esto infiere la necesidad de medidas preventivas, como la atención de enfermería, un ajuste continuo de los dispositivos de servicio y educación continua.


The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with nasal septum injury in preterm infants in the use of noninvasive ventilation. A cross-sectional study with data collection between March and July 2012 and with search for records, interviews with mothers and nasal evaluation of 47 premature in the neonatal unit of a teaching hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. A descriptive bivariate statistical analysis was performed through the chi-square test or Fisher exact test using the SPSS software. The prevalence of nasal lesions was 68.1%, associated with low birth weight and duration of treatment. The prevalence of nasal injury in this population is high and associated with low birth weight and length of stay in noninvasive ventilation. Due to these facts the necessity for preventive actions was noticed, such as continuous care in nursing, suitability of devices and permanent education in service.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Infant, Premature , Nasal Septum/injuries , Noninvasive Ventilation/adverse effects , Noninvasive Ventilation/instrumentation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Facial Injuries/epidemiology , Prevalence
8.
Med. infant ; 17(4): 345-352, Dic 2010. ilus, Tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS, UNISALUD, LILACS | ID: biblio-1281487

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir el uso de Ventilación No Invasiva (VNI) en pacientes internados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) cardiovascular (CCV) pediátrica e identificar factores de riesgo que lleven al fracaso, definido como requerimiento de ARM a las 72 hs. Diseño: Estudio observacional analítico, de cohorte retrospectiva. Material y Método: Se estudiaron 340 niños internados en UCI 35 del Hospital Garrahan durante el período 2005-2008 con indicación de VNI por insuficiencia cardiaca (IC), como rescate en el fallo post-extubación y como destete de ARM: se registraron datos demográficos, período pre (PREQ) o postquirúrgico (POP), tipo de interfase, la presencia de atelectasias (ATL), paresia diafragmática (PD), hipertensión pulmonar (HTP), infecciones, defecto residual quirúrgico (DR), lesiones cutáneas (LC), disfunción ventricular (DV), síndromes genéticos (SG), y obstrucción de vías aéreas superiores (VAS), tiempo de exposición a la VNI y fracaso de la VNI. Se utilizó fuente de datos primarios, las variables continuas fueron tratadas con Test de Student o Wilcoxon de acuerdo a su distribución, las variables categóricas con Chi2, se realizó análisis de regresión logística univariado (ARLU) con Wald Test y para el control simultáneo de confundidores, análisis de regresión logística multivariado (ARLM). En todos los casos se tomó como punto de corte 0,05 para asociación estadísticamente significativa (AES). Resultados: Se estudiaron 182 niñas y 158 varones, edad mediana 4,2 meses (r 0,5-216), peso mediana 4,7 kilos(r 2- 64). En el período prequirúrgico (PREQ) 20 y 320 en post quirúrgico(POP). La indicación más frecuente: destete en un 86,76%, la interfase más utilizada fue la cánula nasal (CN) 99,71%, el tiempo de VNI fue de 1 a 11 días con una mediana de 2 días. Se presentaron lesiones cutáneas en un 5,29% y se consideró fracaso en un 17,65%. En el modelo de regresión logística multivariado (MRLM), fueron identificadas como factores de riesgo de fracaso: ATL OR: 2,99 (IC 95%1,23-7,25); edad<=6meses OR: 3,50 (IC95% 1,59-7,73); infecciones OR: 6,93 (IC95% 1,77-27,14); DV, OR: 10,88 (IC 95% 4,44-26,68); el tener obstrucción de VAS OR: 11,66 (IC 95% 4,47-26,68) Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo que explicaron el fracaso de la VNI en el MRLM fueron la presencia de atelectasia, la edad menor o igual a seis meses, las comorbilidades infecciosas, así como la disfunción ventricular y la obstrucción de VAS. Si bien faltan aún estudios controlados en pediatría, la consideramos una alternativa terapéutica de soporte respiratorio útil y en expansión tanto en el periodo pre como en el post quirúrgico de CCV pediátrica y neonatal (AU)


Objective: To assess the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in patients in the pediatric cardiovascular intensive care unit (ICU) and to identify risk factors that lead to failure, defined as need for mechanical respiratory assistance within 72 hours. Study design: An observational analytical retrospective cohort study. Material and Methods: We studied 340 children with heart failure hospitalized in the ICU 35 of the Garrahan Hospital between 2005 and 2008 who needed NIV as rescue therapy for post-extubation failure and weaning from mechanical respiration. Demographic data, pre- or postsurgical period, type of interface, presence of atelectasis, diaphragmatic paresis, pulmonary hypertension, infections, residual defect, skin lesions, ventricular dysfunction, genetic syndromes, and upper respiratory tract obstruction, time of NIV exposure and NIV failure were recorded. A primary data source was used. According to their distribution, the continuous variables were analyzed uzing the Student's t test or the Wilcoxon test and for categorical variables the Chi-square test was used. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed using the Wald Test and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to simultaneously control for confounding factors. In all cases, p< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: 182 girls and 158 boys with a mean age of 4.2 months (r 0.5-216) and a mean weight of 4.7 kg (r 2- 64) were studied. The period was presurgical in 10 and postsurgical in 320. The most frequent indication was weaning (86.76%), the most-frequently used interface was a nasal tube (99.71%), and time on NIV was between 1 and 11 days with a median of 2 days. Skin lesion were observed in 5.29% and NIV was considered a failure in 17.65%. In the model of multivariate logistic regression the following risk factors were identified: atelectasis, OR: 2.99 (95% CI 1.23-7.25); age ≤ 6 months OR: 3.50 (95% CI 1.59- 7.73); infections, OR: 6.93 (95% CI 1.77-27.14); ventricular dysfunction, OR: 10.88 (95% CI 4.44-26.68); upper respiratory tract obstruction, OR: 11,66 (95% CI 4.47-26.68). Conclusions: Risk factors for NIV failure found with the multivariate logistic regression model were the presence of atelectasis, age ≤ 6 months, infectious comorbidities, as well as ventricular dysfunction and upper respiratory tract obstruction. Although controlled trials are lacking in the pediatric population, we consider NIV to be a useful therapeutic alternative for respiratory support both pre- and postsurgically in pediatric and neonatal cardiovascular disease (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Ventilator Weaning/methods , Risk Factors , Airway Extubation/adverse effects , Airway Extubation/methods , Noninvasive Ventilation/adverse effects , Noninvasive Ventilation/statistics & numerical data , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Physical Therapy Modalities , Perioperative Care/methods
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